swarm-house/docs/05-network-security.md

05 — Network & security

Zero trust, fully air-gapped, everything provisioned before wheels-up.

Trust model

• Nothing joins the swarm at runtime. Every device receives its identity (key pair + certificate) during ground provisioning, signed by the fleet's offline CA. There is no trust-on-first-use, no runtime enrollment endpoint, no exception path.
• Network position grants nothing. Being inside the mesh does not authorize anything; every connection authenticates mutually.
• Two layers of cryptography, by design:
  1. WireGuard mesh overlay — every drone holds the public keys of every fleet member (distributed at provisioning). All swarm traffic runs inside these tunnels; a device without a provisioned key cannot even complete a handshake.
  2. mTLS between services — inside the overlay, service-to-service calls (query API, MinIO replication) present per-service certificates from the fleet PKI. Compromising the network layer alone still yields nothing readable.

graph TB
    subgraph ground [Ground provisioning, before deployment]
        CA["offline fleet CA"]
        PROV["provisioning station"]
        CA -->|"sign device + service certs"| PROV
    end
    subgraph mesh [In-flight ad-hoc mesh]
        A["drone A<br/>wg key + certs"]
        B["drone B<br/>wg key + certs"]
        C["drone C<br/>wg key + certs"]
        A <-->|"WireGuard + mTLS"| B
        B <-->|"WireGuard + mTLS"| C
        A <-->|"WireGuard + mTLS"| C
    end
    PROV -->|"per-device identity, peer list"| A
    PROV --> B
    PROV --> C

Radio reality

• Transport is assumed to be ad-hoc Wi-Fi class (2.4/5 GHz), with channel hopping expected. The platform treats the link as lossy, variable, and adversarial — all sync mechanisms already tolerate partitions (04).
• RSSI is data. Per-peer signal strength is captured into telemetry like any other sensor — it feeds relative-positioning estimates and post-flight link-quality analysis, and it is free.
• Electromagnetic environment sensing (whatever the radio can observe) is likewise recorded — cheap in flight, valuable in replay.

Key lifecycle

Phase	Action
Fleet build	Offline CA generates device identities; keys injected at provisioning, never transmitted over any network
Mission prep	Peer lists and certificates refreshed as part of the fleet release bundle (11)
Rotation	Standard cadence between missions; emergency rotation = new fleet release
Loss of a drone	Its keys are revoked in the next release; mesh peers drop the revoked identity at the next mission load. Data-at-rest exposure is bounded by NVMe encryption (below)

Data at rest

• On-board NVMe is encrypted (LUKS) with keys held in the device's secure element / TPM where the hardware provides one; the disk alone is unreadable.
• The ground warehouse applies standard at-rest encryption plus role-based access; it is the single most valuable asset in the system (every flight ever flown).

Attack surface, deliberately shortened

• The dev/debug plane does not exist in production builds (02) — not firewalled, absent.
• No inbound listeners except the authenticated mesh services; no management SSH in production radio profiles (bench access is wired, at the dock).
• Images are scanned (Trivy) and signed in CI; drones verify signatures against the pinned digests in the fleet release manifest before running anything (11).