docs: rewrite in plain style (no em dashes, no emoji), tighten reports
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# Inference stack — how llama.cpp was built and launched
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# Inference stack: how llama.cpp was built and launched
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This documents the exact engine used to run **open-1b** locally, and answers the
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fair question: *is the llama.cpp build stock?* **No.**
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This records the engine behind the local run. Is the llama.cpp build stock? No.
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## Engine provenance — not stock
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## Provenance
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| | |
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|---|---|
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| **Upstream base** | `ggerganov/llama.cpp` @ `c32d1dabe` — "tests : increase tolerance for Add fusion tests (#28691)", 2026-09-10 |
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| **Local changes** | uncommitted patches adding the **`open1b`** architecture (9 files, +299 lines) |
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| **Exported patch** | [`llama-cpp-open1b.patch`](llama-cpp-open1b.patch) |
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| **Build** | `-DGGML_VULKAN=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release` |
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| **Binary** | `build-vulkan/bin/llama-server` — `0.4.0-dev (build 10893, commit c32d1dabe)` |
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| --- | --- |
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| Upstream base | `ggerganov/llama.cpp` at `c32d1dabe`, 2026-09-10 |
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| Local changes | uncommitted patches adding the `open1b` architecture, 9 files, +299 lines |
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| Patch | [llama-cpp-open1b.patch](llama-cpp-open1b.patch) |
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| Build | `-DGGML_VULKAN=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release` |
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| Binary | `build-vulkan/bin/llama-server`, `0.4.0-dev`, build 10893 |
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**Why the patch is required.** Upstream llama.cpp has no `open1b` architecture. open-1b
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is Llama-3-derived but differs in four ways that the loader/graph must know about:
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Upstream has no `open1b` architecture, so the patch is required. open-1b is
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Llama-3-derived, with four differences the loader and graph must know about:
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- gain-free per-head RMSNorm on Q and K before RoPE (`qk_norm`, no learnable gain);
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- RMSNorm on the **token-embedding output** (`embedding_norm`);
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- **hybrid sliding-window attention** (512-token window, full causal on the last layer of each group of 5 and on the final layer);
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- **untied** input embedding / LM head, and interleaved-pair RoPE (`LLAMA_ROPE_TYPE_NORM`).
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- gain-free per-head RMSNorm on Q and K before RoPE,
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- RMSNorm on the token-embedding output,
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- hybrid sliding-window attention, 512 tokens, full causal on the last layer of
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each group of five and on the final layer,
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- untied embedding and LM head, with interleaved-pair RoPE.
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## Patch inventory
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| File | Change |
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|---|---|
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| `src/models/open1b.cpp` | **new** — `llama_model_open1b`: hparams, tensor mapping, graph |
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| `src/models/models.h` | declare `llama_model_open1b` |
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| `src/llama-arch.h` / `.cpp` | add `LLM_ARCH_OPEN1B` (enum + name) |
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| `src/llama-model.cpp` | dispatch `LLM_ARCH_OPEN1B`; RoPE type `NORM` |
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| `gguf-py/gguf/constants.py` | `MODEL_ARCH.OPEN1B`, arch name, tensor list |
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| `gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py` | HF → GGUF tensor name map |
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| --- | --- |
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| `src/models/open1b.cpp` | new: `llama_model_open1b`, hparams, tensors, graph |
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| `src/models/models.h` | declare the model |
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| `src/llama-arch.h`, `.cpp` | add `LLM_ARCH_OPEN1B` |
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| `src/llama-model.cpp` | dispatch the arch, set the RoPE type |
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| `gguf-py/gguf/constants.py` | arch enum, name, tensor list |
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| `gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py` | HF to GGUF tensor names |
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| `conversion/__init__.py` | register the converter |
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| `conversion/open1b.py` | **new** — `Open1BModel` HF→GGUF converter |
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| `conversion/open1b.py` | new: `Open1BModel` converter |
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## Build
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@@ -57,35 +57,33 @@ setsid --fork ./build-vulkan/bin/llama-server \
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--host 127.0.0.1 --port 8085 >/tmp/open1b.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
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```
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| Flag | Why |
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|---|---|
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| `--device Vulkan2` | a single Intel Arc B580 (Vulkan1/2/3 = the three Arc; Vulkan0 = AMD iGPU) |
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| Flag | Reason |
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| --- | --- |
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| `--device Vulkan2` | one Intel Arc B580. Vulkan1 to 3 are the three Arc cards; Vulkan0 is the AMD iGPU. |
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| `-ngl 99` | offload all layers |
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| `-fa off` | Flash-Attention crashes on these Arc/Vulkan builds; KV thus stays f16 |
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| `-c 32768` | requested, but capped to the model's **4096**-token context |
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| `--spec-type ngram-map-k,ngram-cache` | ~×2.4 decode on small dense models |
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| `-fa off` | Flash-Attention crashes on these Arc/Vulkan builds, so the KV cache stays in f16 |
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| `-c 32768` | requested, capped to the model's 4096-token context |
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| `--spec-type ngram-map-k,ngram-cache` | about 2.4x decode on small dense models |
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| `--jinja` | use the model's chat template |
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## Pipeline
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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HF["HF checkpoint\nmodel.safetensors (fp32)"] --> GO["tools/hf2gguf\n(pure Go)"]
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GO --> GGUF["open-1b-sft-f16-go.gguf\n(f16, byte-identical to reference)"]
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GGUF --> LC["llama.cpp Vulkan\nupstream c32d1dabe\n+ open1b.patch"]
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LC --> GPU["Intel Arc B580\n(Vulkan2)"]
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GPU --> API["llama-server\nHTTP /completion"]
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HF["HF checkpoint<br/>model.safetensors, fp32"] --> GO["tools/hf2gguf<br/>Go"]
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GO --> GGUF["open-1b-sft-f16-go.gguf<br/>f16"]
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GGUF --> LC["llama.cpp Vulkan<br/>upstream plus open1b patch"]
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LC --> GPU["Intel Arc B580"]
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GPU --> API["llama-server<br/>HTTP /completion"]
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```
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## Caveats
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## Notes
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- **The patch is ours and uncommitted.** It lives only in the working tree of the
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build source; `llama-cpp-open1b.patch` is its export. For reproducibility it should
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be committed and, ideally, proposed upstream.
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- **The "reference" GGUF is not an independent vendor artifact.** It was produced by
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llama.cpp's `convert_hf_to_gguf.py` **with this same Open1B patch**. Our Go converter
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reproduces it byte-for-byte — a genuine independent reimplementation of the GGUF
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serialization — but "byte-identical to the reference" means *identical to our patched
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Python path*, not to a Gensyn-published file.
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- Patch quality: written for bring-up and validated by a working inference run; not
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reviewed upstream.
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- The patch is ours and uncommitted. The exported patch file makes the build
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reproducible. Committing it, or proposing it upstream, would be better.
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- The reference GGUF is not an independent artifact. It came from llama.cpp's
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`convert_hf_to_gguf.py` with this same patch. The Go converter reproduces it
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byte for byte, which is a real reimplementation of the GGUF writer, but the
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comparison is against our own patched Python output, not a file published by
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Gensyn.
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- The patch was written for bring-up. It is not upstream-reviewed.
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